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Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

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DAO 159:183-197 (2024)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03814

Inactivation in vitro of the marine parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum

Rui Sousa1, Vincent Laizé1,2, Cátia Lourenço-Marques1,3, Marisa Barata3, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira1,3, Florbela Soares1,3,*

1S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
2CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
3IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
*Corresponding author:

ABSTRACT: The ectoparasite Amyloodinium ocellatum is a dinoflagellate that causes severe morbidity and mortality in both brackish and marine warmwater aquaculture fishes worldwide. A. ocellatum has a triphasic life cycle based on a free-living flagellate (the dinospore), a parasitic stage (the trophont) and a resting and reproductive cyst (the tomont). Current chemical treatments have shown some efficacy in eliminating dinospores but fail to inactivate the tomonts. Here we evaluated the efficacy of alternative treatments in vitro through sporulation tests and the quantification of dinospore production and motility. Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid efficiently decreased dinospore production at low concentrations, but total inactivation of tomonts was only achieved with higher dosages. Tomont inactivation was also observed with disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite and Virkon S. This work provides insights into effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for the elimination of resistant forms of the marine parasite A. ocellatum.


KEY WORDS: Aquaculture · Fish parasite · Amyloodiniosis · Treatment · Prevention


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Cite this article as: Sousa R, Laizé V, Lourenço-Marques C, Barata M, Pousão-Ferreira P, Soares F (2024) Inactivation in vitro of the marine parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum. Dis Aquat Org 159:183-197. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03814

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