ESR 12:167-177 (2010) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00298
Contribution to the Theme Section 'Responses of animals to habitat alteration'
Effects of subsidized predators, resource variability, and human population density on desert tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert, USA
Todd C. Esque1,*, Ken E. Nussear1, K. Kristina Drake1, Andrew D. Walde2, Kristin H. Berry3, Roy C. Averill-Murray4, A. Peter Woodman5, William I. Boarman6, Phil A. Medica1, Jeremy Mack3,8, Jill S. Heaton7
ABSTRACT: Understanding predator–prey relationships can be pivotal in the conservation of species. For 2 decades, desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii populations have declined, yet quantitative evidence regarding the causes of declines is scarce. In 2005, Ft. Irwin National Training Center, California, USA, implemented a translocation project including 2 yr of baseline monitoring of desert tortoises. Unusually high predation on tortoises was observed after translocation occurred. We conducted a retrospective analysis of predation and found that translocation did not affect the probability of predation: translocated, resident, and control tortoises all had similar levels of predation. However, predation rates were higher near human population concentrations, at lower elevation sites, and for smaller tortoises and females. Furthermore, high mortality rates were not limited to the National Training Center. In 2008, elevated mortality (as high as 43%) occurred throughout the listed range of the desert tortoise. Although no temporal prey base data are available for analysis from any of the study sites, we hypothesize that low population levels of typical coyote Canis latrans prey (i.e. jackrabbits Lepus californicus and other small animals) due to drought conditions influenced high predation rates in previous years. Predation may have been exacerbated in areas with high levels of subsidized predators. Many historical reports of increased predation, and our observation of a range-wide pattern, may indicate that high predation rates are more common than generally considered and may impact recovery of the desert tortoise throughout its range.
KEY WORDS: Gopherus agassizii · Coyote · Predation · Translocation · Mojave Desert · Prey
Full text in pdf format  | Cite this article as: Esque TC, Nussear KE, Drake KK, Walde AD and others (2010) Effects of subsidized predators, resource variability, and human population density on desert tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert, USA. Endang Species Res 12:167-177. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00298 Export citation Share: Facebook - - linkedIn |
| Previous article |