MEPS 523:15-30 (2015)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11164

ABSTRACT: Biological activities in marine soft-sediments can modify the sedimentary environment through processes that change erosion rates. In low-energy environments, bioturbating macrofauna destabilizes sediments while microbes bind sediments and stabilize them. The degree to which these counter-acting processes influence sediment movement in a physically dynamic environment has not been well quantified. In a field experiment, we established 56 (1 m²) plots on an exposed intertidal sandflat. We used shade cloth and manipulated grazing pressure exerted by the deposit-feeding bivalve Macomona liliana (0-200 ind. m^-2) to alter the microphytobenthic community. Three months post-manipulation, initiation of sediment transport (Ʈ_c) and change in sediment erosion rate with increasing bed shear stress (m_e) were measured. Mean grain size, density of the spionid polychaete Aonides trifida, density of adult M. liliana, and bulk carbohydrate concentration could account for 54% of the variation in Ʈ_c (0.3-1.1 N m^-2 s^-1). Mean grain size was the only significant predictor (p ≤ 0.01) of m_e explaining 22% of the variability (6-20 g N^-1 s^-1). Ʈ_c was negatively correlated with density of several abundant shallow-dwelling bioturbators (indicating sediment destabilization), but we did not observe the expected increase in Ʈ_c with microbial biomass. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between adult M. liliana and Ʈ_c as well as evidence for several positive feedbacks between abundant shallow-dwelling macrofauna and microbial biomass. These study results demonstrate that despite frequent reworking by tidal currents and waves, bioturbating macrofauna are important to initiating sediment transport regardless of their effects on microbial biomass.

KEY WORDS: Deposit-feeding · Microphytobenthos · Benthic macrofauna · Sediment stability · Infauna · Positive feedbacks · Macomona liliana · Habitat modifiers