MEPS 690:147-163 (2022)  -  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14036

ABSTRACT: Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis sustains the largest catches among tuna species. Despite its relevance for global food security and the tuna canning industry, information about its foraging ecology in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) is limited. We combined amino acid (AA) and bulk tissue nitrogen isotope (δ¹⁵N) analysis with stomach content analysis (SCA) to study skipjack foraging habitat and trophic position (TP) in the SWAO. Mean (±SD) δ¹⁵N values of source AAs lysine (Lys: 6.5 ± 1.3‰) and phenylalanine (Phe: 10.6 ± 1.3‰) were higher at higher latitudes (30-34°S) of the southern area relative to the northern area between 20-26° S (Lys: 3.4 ± 1.1‰, Phe: 8.2 ± 1.2‰). Correlations between bulk tissue δ¹⁵N (δ¹⁵N_bulk) and source AA δ¹⁵N showed that Lys is a more robust indicator of δ¹⁵N baseline variation in this region than Phe. Regional mixing models based on AA δ¹⁵N indicated spatial structure in foraging habitat: smaller individuals use the southern area and larger individuals forage at lower latitudes or in offshore areas. TP estimates using the Glx-Lys trophic-source AA pair were in much better agreement with TP estimates based on SCA (TP_SCA) and on bulk tissue analysis (TP_bulk) than those using Glx-Phe. Skipjack forages across multiple food webs throughout its lifecycle in the SWAO and increases its TP with ontogeny (TP_Glx-Lys: 3.5-4.0). Stock management strategies should consider that the southern region supports dense aggregations of juvenile skipjack, which may be more vulnerable to non-selective fisheries.

KEY WORDS: Foraging ecology · Movement · AA-CSIA · Stable isotopes · Nitrogen · Amino acids · Katsuwonus pelamis