REVIEW
Advancing bioenergetics-based modeling to improve climate change projections of marine ecosystems
Kenneth A. Rose1,*, Kirstin Holsman2, Janet A. Nye3, Emily H. Markowitz2, Thomás N. S. Banha4, Nina Bednaršek5,26, Juan Bueno-Pardo6, David Deslauriers7, Elizabeth A. Fulton8, Klaus B. Huebert9, Martin Huret10, Shin-ichi Ito11, Stefan Koenigstein12,13, Lingbo Li14, Hassan Moustahfid15, Barbara A. Muhling12,13, Philipp Neubauer16, José Ricardo Paula17,18,19, Elizabeth C. Siddon20, Morten D. Skogen21, Paul D. Spencer2, P. Daniel van Denderen22, Gro I. van der Meeren23, Myron A. Peck24,25
1Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA
2NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115, USA
3Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
4Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11612109, Brazil
5Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
6Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Future Oceans Lab, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
7Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada
8CSIRO Environment, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
9CSS, Inc., 2750 Prosperity Avenue, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
10DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro, Pointe Du Diable, 29280 Plouzané, France
11Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
12Institute of Marine Sciences/NOAA Fisheries Collaborative Program, University of California Santa Cruz, 156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
13NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
14Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
15NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing System, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
16Dragonfly Data Science, PO Box 27535, Wellington 6141, New Zealand
17MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
18Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
19Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, HI 96744, USA
20NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
21Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
22Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
23Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, 5392 Storebø, Norway
24Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
25Marine Animal Ecology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
26Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
ABSTRACT: Climate change has rapidly altered marine ecosystems and is expected to continue to push systems and species beyond historical baselines into novel conditions. Projecting responses of organisms and populations to these novel environmental conditions often requires extrapolations beyond observed conditions, challenging the predictive limits of statistical modeling capabilities. Bioenergetics modeling provides the mechanistic basis for projecting climate change effects on marine living resources in novel conditions, has a long history of development, and has been applied widely to fish and other taxa. We provide our perspective on 4 opportunities that will advance the ability of bioenergetics-based models to depict changes in the productivity and distribution of fishes and other marine organisms, leading to more robust projections of climate impacts. These are (1) improved depiction of bioenergetics processes to derive realistic individual-level response(s) to complex changes in environmental conditions, (2) innovations in scaling individual-level bioenergetics to project responses at the population and food web levels, (3) more realistic coupling between spatial dynamics and bioenergetics to better represent the local- to regional-scale differences in the effects of climate change on the spatial distributions of organisms, and (4) innovations in model validation to ensure that the next generation of bioenergetics-based models can be used with known and sufficient confidence. Our focus on specific opportunities will enable critical advancements in bioenergetics modeling and position the modeling community to make more accurate and robust projections of the effects of climate change on individuals, populations, food webs, and ecosystems.
KEY WORDS: Bioenergetics · Modeling · Climate change · Fish · Projections · Challenges · Agent-based